DOI: 10.2478/cjf-2026-0013
Original scientific paper
DYNAMIC MODELING ANALYSIS OF OXYGEN TRANSFER MECHANISM AND WATER QUALITY DYNAMICS IN RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS
2026, 84 (3) p. 135-147
Heri Ariadi, Muhammad Azril, Roikhanatun Nafi'ah, Tri Mardiana, Linayati Linayati
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen is an important indicator in intensive shrimp farming systems. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of oxygen transfer and identify water quality parameters that influence oxygen production levels in shrimp farming using the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) method using a dynamic system model approach. The study was conducted in six RAS ponds in Pekalongan, Indonesia, during one maintenance cycle. The water quality parameters observed were pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and salinity, while oxygen transfer rates were analyzed using the Standard Oxygen Transfer Rate (SOTR) approach. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation tests, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and dynamic system model analysis. The results showed that oxygen production levels in the RAS ponds ranged from 1.684 to 3.652 mgO₂/L/hour, with the highest value being 3.195 ± 0.15 mgO₂/L/hour (pond 2). Salinity had the strongest correlation with oxygen transfer rate (r = 0.857; p < 0.01), indicating its dominant influence on oxygen diffusion control through water viscosity and paddle aerator performance. PCA Cluster results confirmed that oxygen transfer rates are controlled by salinity, temperature, and pH. Model simulation results indicated synchronization between paddle aerator rotation speed, water circulation hydrodynamics, and water quality, forming a positive feedback loop that increases the rate of oxygen diffusion in the pond. Conversely, decreased aeration performance will trigger oxygen deficits and water quality degradation. These findings confirm that eco-engineering design, hydrodynamic optimization, and aeration management are fundamental factors in supporting the operational cycle of RAS shrimp farming.
Keywords
diffusion, dynamic model, oxygen, paddle aerator, water quality
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