Bibliography
TOXIC EFFECT OF EXPIRED PESTICIDES ON CATLA CATLA OF THE GAULA STREAM, INDIA
2012, 70 (4) p. 187-196
Abstract
12 widely used pesticides were selected to investigate possible chemical, biological and toxicological effects of expired pesticides that may enter into our ecosystem. The selected compounds were tested for acute toxicity to Catla catla under static condition. Five to six concentrations (ranges from 0.005 – 80 mg/L) of both expired and unexpired pesticide formulations were tested along with controls under similar conditions. The results of the LC50 (Lethal Concentration) demonstrated lower LC50 values for the expired pesticides as compared to the corresponding unexpired counter part. From this data, it is clear that expired pesticide formulations must be disposed carefully and care should be taken to avoid their discharge to water bodies and thus prevent loss to fish.